fred_sd_state_group
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Axis
fred_sd_state_groupon sub-layerl1_d(layerl1).
Sub-layer
l1_d
Axis metadata
Default:
'all_states'Sweepable: False
Status: operational
Operational status summary
Operational: 16 option(s)
Future: 0 option(s)
Options
all_states – operational
All 50 states + DC (51 jurisdictions).
FRED-SD state grouping: Default. Includes every US state and the District of Columbia. Use as the broadest possible FRED-SD panel; subset thereafter via state_selection if specific filtering is needed.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Default; comprehensive 51-jurisdiction panel.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest, census_region_south
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_region_northeast – operational
Census Northeast Region (9 states): CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Region 1. Combines New England (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT) and Mid-Atlantic (NJ, NY, PA) divisions. Heavily-populated, services-dominated regional economy.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Northeastern regional studies; comparing services-heavy economies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_midwest, census_region_south
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_region_midwest – operational
Census Midwest Region (12 states): IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD, WI.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Region 2. Combines East North Central (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) and West North Central (IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD) divisions. Manufacturing-heavy ‘Rust Belt’ + agricultural Plains economies.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Manufacturing-belt and Plains regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_south
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_region_south – operational
Census South Region (16 states + DC): AL, AR, DE, DC, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Region 3. Combines South Atlantic (DE, DC, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV), East South Central (AL, KY, MS, TN), and West South Central (AR, LA, OK, TX) divisions. Largest Census region by population; mix of energy (TX, LA, OK) and Sun Belt service economies.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Southern regional studies; Sun Belt vs Rust Belt comparisons.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_region_west – operational
Census West Region (13 states): AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Region 4. Combines Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY) and Pacific (AK, CA, HI, OR, WA) divisions. Tech-heavy Pacific Coast + commodity / tourism Mountain economies.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Pacific Coast tech and Mountain West commodity studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_new_england – operational
Census New England Division (6 states): CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 1. Tight-knit historical region with finance / education / biotech concentration.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Finance / education / biotech regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_middle_atlantic – operational
Census Middle Atlantic Division (3 states): NJ, NY, PA.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 2. Hosts the New York metropolitan financial centre; largest population Census division.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Financial-centre regional studies (NY metro).
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_east_north_central – operational
Census East North Central Division (5 states): IL, IN, MI, OH, WI.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 3. Great Lakes manufacturing belt; the historical ‘Industrial Heartland’ of the US.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Manufacturing / Rust Belt regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_west_north_central – operational
Census West North Central Division (7 states): IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 4. Agricultural Great Plains with grain / livestock concentration.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Agricultural / commodity regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_south_atlantic – operational
Census South Atlantic Division (8 states + DC): DE, DC, FL, GA, MD, NC, SC, VA, WV.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 5. Atlantic Seaboard from Delaware to Florida; mix of government (DC, VA), tech (NC, MD), and Sun Belt service economies (FL, GA).
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Atlantic Seaboard regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_east_south_central – operational
Census East South Central Division (4 states): AL, KY, MS, TN.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 6. Tennessee Valley region; automotive-supplier and traditional manufacturing concentration.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Tennessee Valley / Auto-Alley regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_west_south_central – operational
Census West South Central Division (4 states): AR, LA, OK, TX.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 7. Energy-dominated regional economy (TX, LA, OK oil & gas).
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Energy-sector regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_mountain – operational
Census Mountain Division (8 states): AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 8. Mountain West; mining, tourism (NV, CO, UT), and tech-corridor (CO, UT) economies.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Mountain West regional studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
census_division_pacific – operational
Census Pacific Division (5 states): AK, CA, HI, OR, WA.
FRED-SD state grouping: Census Bureau’s Division 9. Pacific Coast tech concentration (CA, WA, OR) + non-contiguous states (AK, HI).
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Pacific Coast tech and non-contiguous-state studies.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
contiguous_48_plus_dc – operational
Contiguous 48 states + DC (excludes AK, HI).
FRED-SD state grouping: Drops Alaska and Hawaii from the all-states panel. Useful when the analysis assumes a contiguous geographic structure (e.g. spatial econometrics with adjacency weights).
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Continental US studies; spatial econometrics with adjacency matrices.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.
custom_state_group – operational
User-supplied state list (leaf_config.custom_state_list).
FRED-SD state grouping: Bespoke regional groupings – e.g. ‘oil-producing states’ (TX, OK, ND, NM, LA), ‘eurozone-equivalent BEA regions’, or ‘states with right-to-work laws’. Reads the explicit state list from leaf_config.custom_state_list.
This option selects which state-level series enter the predictor / target panels. The grouping does not affect national-aggregate variables; combine with predictor_geography_scope to control whether predictors follow the target’s geographic scope or use a different state set.
When to use
Bespoke regional groupings not captured by Census definitions.
References
macroforecast design Part 1, L1: ‘data definition is the recipe layer that pins source, target, geography, and horizon – everything downstream branches off these choices.’
McCracken & Ng (2020) ‘FRED-QD: A Quarterly Database for Macroeconomic Research’, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review.
US Census Bureau (2020) ‘Geographic Levels: Regions and Divisions’, US Census Bureau Geography Division. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/guidance-geographies/levels.html
Related options: all_states, census_region_northeast, census_region_midwest
Last reviewed 2026-05-05 by macroforecast author.